Extinguishment of the hottest special fire

Extinguishing of special fires

when a fire occurs, be sure to keep calm, and choose appropriate fire extinguishing methods according to the types of combustibles, fire situation, meteorological conditions, site conditions and other factors

(1) suppression of electrical fire

when the electrical equipment has a fire or ignites nearby combustibles, first cut off the power supply, and then put out the fire. In extremely special cases, for example, waiting for the power supply to be cut off will delay the fighter, or seriously affect the production and production after cutting off the power supply. 16. High impact polyvinyl chloride (PVC-HI) pipes: gb/t 8804.3 ⑵ 003 determination of tensile properties of thermoplastic pipes Part 3: Polyolefin pipes are safe and can only be used for live fire extinguishing. In this case, the following points must be paid attention to:

1) for live fire, Conductive extinguishing agents (such as water, foam, etc.) cannot be used, but non-conductive extinguishing agents such as carbon dioxide and dry powder should be used. When putting out fire with electricity, firefighters should wear insulating gloves and shoes in addition to fire clothes, and stand on the windward side as close to the fire source as possible

2) be careful during operation to prevent the fire-fighting equipment or body from directly contacting with the live part, resulting in electric shock. 5.12 computer full-scale display value: 500; Therefore

3) when the conductor, especially the high-voltage line, falls to the ground, you must wear insulating shoes when entering the area to prevent electric shock when crossing the cable

and the construction period is short

4) when extinguishing the fire of electrical equipment with oil, such as transformers, oil switches, etc., dry yellow sand should be used to cover the flame and make it extinguish. If there is a local fire outside the oil storage container and the equipment is not damaged, carbon dioxide and dry powder can be used to put it out; If the fire is large and threatens the nearby electrical equipment, cut off the power supply and put out the fire with a spray water gun. If the equipment is damaged and the oil in it starts to burn, the power supply should also be cut off, and a large amount of foam should be used to put out the fire, so that the escaped oil can flow into the accident oil storage area, or oil separation facilities should be used to prevent the flow and spread of oil, and the fire oil should be prevented from flowing into the cable trench

5) for the fire of rotating motor equipment, in order to prevent equipment deformation, spray water can be used to put out the fire and make it cool evenly; Carbon dioxide and dry powder can also be used to put out the fire. However, yellow sand cannot be used to extinguish the fire, because yellow sand will fall into the equipment and cause damage

(2) extinguishing oil fires

oil fires are common fires in industry, especially in the petrochemical industry. If they are not extinguished in time, explosions may occur, which must be paid attention to. When extinguishing this kind of fire, we must pay attention to the following points:

l) because oil has fluidity as a liquid, for a large number of scattered oil products, we should take measures such as embankment interception to prevent the spread of mobile fire

2) oils lighter than water can float on the water and burn, and expand with the spread of water. Therefore, about 40% of them cannot be directly used for industrial machinery and equipment water when extinguishing such fires

3) for fires in oil storage areas, air foam or dry powder are often used to extinguish fires. For oil pool fires such as crude oil, residual oil or asphalt, spray water or straight water can also be used to put out the fire. The operation should be carried out in the upwind direction of the oil ground, and protection work should be done at the same time. Firefighters should generally wear fire-proof and heat-insulating clothes, and if necessary, protect the pipe gunners and water Gunners close to the fire source with spray water

4) when fighting a fire in the stacking of oil drums, special attention should be paid to cooling the stacking to prevent the explosion of oil drums, and according to the stacking and fire situation, the oil drums should be evacuated while extinguishing the fire. Water cooling, foam and dry powder shall be used for fire fighting

(3) fire suppression of underground engineering

compared with ground buildings, the fire risk and fire control difficulty of underground engineering are also greater, and its characteristics are as follows:

l) it is difficult for ground personnel to accurately grasp the location and scale of underground fire, and it is difficult for decision makers to make correct judgments on the fire situation and take appropriate fire control measures

2) the underground space is full of thick smoke and hot gas, which increases the difficulty of firefighters' activities. Sometimes thick smoke and hot gas are discharged from the passage with the ground surface to prevent firefighters from entering

3) limited by the size and structure of the access road, sometimes it is impossible to transport the fire-fighting equipment underground, or it is blocked by meeting with the escaping crowd, delaying the opportunity of extinguishing the fire

4) the fire fighting methods of underground engineering include direct method, isolation and sealing method and inert gas method. The choice of method depends on the nature, location, scope and development stage of the fire, and the direct method should be used as far as possible

1) direct rescue method. Usually, water, fire extinguishers, sand, air foam, etc. are used to directly extinguish the fire near the fire source, or the fire source is removed

2) isolation and sealing method. Take measures such as firewall, water curtain or fireproof rolling shutter door to carry out necessary fire and smoke separation or sealing to prevent the inflow of air and make the fire extinguish due to lack of oxygen. Generally, this method is adopted when direct fire extinguishing method cannot be used or it is ineffective

3) inert gas method. When the underground fire cannot be put out by the above methods, this method can be applied, that is, inject inert gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, etc.) into the fire area, expel the air in the fire area, reduce the oxygen content in the air, cool the fire source, increase the air pressure in the enclosed area to reduce air leakage, and make the fire extinguish due to lack of oxygen